Co-Authors:
Saladié, M., Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
Matas, A.J., Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
Isaacson, T., Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
Jenks, M.A., Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
Goodwin, S.M., Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
Niklas, K.J., Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
Xiaolin, R., College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Labavitch, J.M., Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
Shackel, K.A., Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
Fernie, A.R., Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
Lytovchenko, A., Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
O'Neill, M.A., Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
Watkins, C.B., Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
Rose, J.K.C., Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
Abstract:
The softening of fleshy fruits, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), during ripening is generally reported to result principally from disassembly of the primary cell wall and middle lamella. However, unsuccessful attempts to prolong fruit firmness by suppressing the expression of a range of wall-modifying proteins in transgenic tomato fruits do not support such a simple model. 'Delayed Fruit Deterioration' (DFD) is a previously unreported tomato cultivar that provides a unique opportunity to assess the contribution of wall metabolism to fruit firmness, since DFD fruits exhibit minimal softening but undergo otherwise normal ripening, unlike all known nonsoftening tomato mutants reported to date. Wall disassembly, reduced intercellular adhesion, and the expression of genes associated with wall degradation were similar in DFD fruit and those of the normally softening 'Ailsa Craig'. However, ripening DFD fruit showed minimal transpirational water loss and substantially elevated cellular turgor. This allowed an evaluation of the relative contribution and timing of wall disassembly and water loss to fruit softening, which suggested that both processes have a critical influence. Biochemical and biomechanical analyses identified several unusual features of DFD cuticles and the data indicate that, as with wall metabolism, changes in cuticle composition and architecture are an integral and regulated part of the ripening program. A model is proposed in which the cuticle affects the softening of intact tomato fruit both directly, by providing a physical support, and indirectly, by regulating water status. © 2007 American Society of Plant Biologists.
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