Co-Authors:
Caroli, L., Bio Integrated Technology srl, Pantalla, Perugia, I-06050, Italy
Glazer, I., Department of Nematology, ARO, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Gaugler, R., Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
Abstract:
Penetration rate (the percentage of the initial infective juvenile inoculum that invades an insect host) was tested as an indicator of entomopathogenic nematode infectivity. Several host-parasite-substrate combinations were evaluated for penetration rate. Four steinernematids, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. glaseri, S. feltiae, S. riobravis and two strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were tested in a contact bioassay against the wax moth, Galleria mellonella, the yellow meal worm, Tenebrio molitor, the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, and the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. The insect larvae were confined individually in sand and filter paper arenas and exposed to 200 infective juveniles. After incubation, dead insects were dissected in order to count the nematodes penetrated. The data were analyzed for the effects of nematode strain and substrate on penetration rate. The bioassay substrate had a variable effect depending on the insect species. The nematode effect was highly significantly for all insects tested. The penetration rate therefore allowed comparisons among nematode strains, invading a host. Nematode ranking for infectivity differed according to the insect tested.
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