Co-Authors:
Buchmann, C., Institute for Environmental Sciences Landau, Department of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
Felten, A., Institute for Environmental Sciences Landau, Department of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
Peikert, B., Institute for Environmental Sciences Landau, Department of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
Muñoz, K., Institute for Environmental Sciences Landau, Department of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
Bandow, N., Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
Dag, A., Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, D.N. Negev, Israel
Schaumann, G.E., Institute for Environmental Sciences Landau, Department of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
Abstract:
Background and aims Olive mill wastewater (OMW) generated in Mediterranean countries is partly disposed of on soil. Its underlying fate mechanisms and influences on plant growth are still largely unknown. Our goal was to understand OMW organic matter (OMW-OM) degradation in soil and its phytotoxic effects. We hypothesized that OMW phytotoxicity decreased with degradation of its phenolic components. Methods In a 60 day incubation study, we monitored soil respiration, extractable total phenolic content (TPC) and carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of OMW treated Israeli soil. The soil was extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and its extracts were exemplarily analyzed for four phenolic substances by LC/MS. Phytotoxicity of soil and soil extracts were tested using a Lepidium sativum seed germination bioassay. Results Soil respiration was 2.5 times higher for OMW treated soil with two respiration maxima and indicated a degradation of up to 27 % of the added OMW-OM. Four phases of OMW-OM degradation were identified: (i) degradation of easily degradable OMW-OM and transformation of phenolic compounds, (ii) intermediate suppression of phytotoxicity, (iii) degradation of phytotoxic phenolic compounds and (iv) significant physical immobilization of phytotoxic compounds. Conclusion Environmental conditions during and after OMW disposal on soil ought to favor fast degradation of OMW-OM, minimizing their physical immobilization and phytotoxic effects. © 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
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