Hulata, G., Genetics Department, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Moav, R., Genetics Department, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Wohlfarth, G., Fish and Aquaculture Research Station, Dor, Israel

Gonad development was studied in young carp of the European and Chinese (big‐belly) races. The effects of age and body weight on gonad and egg size were partitioned and the following findings were made: (i) Gonad weight was correlated, in both males and females, with body weight, but proportional gonad weight, i.e. the ratio gonad weight divided by body weight, was independent of body weight, (ii) Proportional gonad weight had reached its maximum value in one year old males, but it more than doubled in two year old females, (iii) Egg size of two year old females was more than twice the size of eggs of one year old females, (iv) The European and Chinese races of carp differed in several aspects of gonad development. In particular, the Chinese matured earlier and their relative gonad sizes were considerably larger, (v) Genetic variation in gonad development was also found within the European race, where faster rate of development is dominant over slower rate. The evolutionary implications of the above differences were discussed. Copyright © 1974, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved