Co-Authors:
HÜbner, S., R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
HÖffken, M., Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Correnstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
Oren, E., R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Haseneyer, G., Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Correnstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
Stein, N., Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Correnstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
Graner, A., Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Correnstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
Schmid, K., Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, 7080 SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
Fridman, E., R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Abstract:
In this study, we present the genetic analysis of a new collection of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) using 42 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that represent the seven chromosomes. The Barley1K (B1K) infrastructure consists of 1020 accessions collected in a hierarchical sampling mode (HSM) from 51 sites across Israel and represents the wide adaptive niche of the modern barley's ancestor. According to the genetic structure analysis, the sampled sites can be divided into seven groups, and sampled microsites located on opposing slopes or in different soil types did not show significant genetic differentiation. Although the genetic analysis indicates a simple isolation-by-distance model among the populations, examination of the genetic populations' structure with abiotic parameters in an ordination analysis revealed that the combination of elevation, mid-day temperature and rainfall explains a high proportion of the variance in the principal components analysis. Our findings demonstrate that the current populations have therefore been shaped and distinguished by non-selective forces such as migration; however, we suggest that aridity and temperature gradients played major roles as selective forces in the adaptation of wild barley in this part of the Fertile Crescent. This unique collection is a prelude for the investigation of the molecular basis underlying plant adaptation and responsiveness to harsh environments. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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