Seeds of Matthiola incana (Brassicaceae) are known to contain oil rich in linolenic acid (C18:3). This oil has a value as a dietary supplement. Commercial lines of Matthiola incana developed for flower production which were kept in our genebank, were tested for their agronomic potential. Five lines were selected for the experiments, all of them excelling in α-linolenic acid content (50-60%). The plants were grown in the experimental stations at Bet Dagan, Jerusalem and Ramat haGolan, representing three different climatic regions. Yield parameters, as well as data regarding oil quality and quantity, were recorded. It was found that under Bet Dagan conditions (Mediterranean climate) a seed yield of 750 kg/ha was obtained. With 20-25% oil in the seed, this yield is equivalent to 150 1/ha. A 50% content of 3-linolenic acid in the oil will yield 75 1 of pure linolenic acid.