Co-Authors:
Shainberg, I., Institute of Soils and Water, ARO, The Volcani Center, POB 6, Bet Dagan, Israel
Warrington, D.N., Institute of Soils and Water, ARO, The Volcani Center, POB 6, Bet Dagan, Israel
Rengasamy, P., Institute for Salinity Research, Tatura, VIC, 3616, Australia
Abstract:
Seals formed at the soil surface during rainstorms reduce rain penetration and cause runoff and erosion. We studied the effect of surface application of an anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) at rates of 10, 20, and 40 kg.ha−1on the infiltration rate (IR) of two soils, a loess (Calcic Haploxeralf) and a grumusol (Typic Chromoxerert), during simulated rainstorms. We determined the interaction between PAM and electrolyte concentration at the soil surface under a simulated rainfall of distilled water or tap water and by spreading gypsum. Electrolytes in the soil solutions that flocculated the soil clay enhanced the beneficial effect of the polymer on aggregate stability and greatly reduced water losses. Complete drying of the polymer-soil surfaces improved the binding action of the polymer. Treatments with PAM under optimal conditions increased the final IR of the loess from 2.0 to 23.5 mm.h−1and increased rain intake of an 80-mm rainstorm from 12.3 to 64.2 mm. PAM treatment of the grumusol increased the final IR from 3.0 in the control to 20.5 mm.h−1and the rain intake from 21.3 to 62.3 mm. As soils from semiarid regions are unstable, form crusts, and produce much runoff (80%) during rainstorms, the use of PAM to reduce runoff should be considered. © 1990 Williams & Wilkins.
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