Co-Authors:
Bar-Shimon, M., Department of Postharvest Science, A.R.O., The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
Yehuda, H., Department of Molecular Genetics, MIGAL Galilee Technological Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
Cohen, L., Department of Postharvest Science, A.R.O., The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
Weiss, B., Department of Postharvest Science, A.R.O., The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
Kobeshnikov, A., Department of Postharvest Science, A.R.O., The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
Daus, A., Department of Postharvest Science, A.R.O., The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
Goldway, M., Department of Molecular Genetics, MIGAL Galilee Technological Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
Wisniewski, M., Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, United States
Droby, S., Department of Postharvest Science, A.R.O., The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
Abstract:
The yeast Candida oleophila, the base of the commercial product Aspire, is recommended for the control of postharvest decay of citrus and pome fruit. Competition for nutrients and space is believed to be the major mode of action. Involvement of fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes is also suggested to play a role in the mechanism of action of yeast antagonists. The present study showed that the yeast C. oleophila is capable of producing and secreting various cell wall-degrading enzymes, including exo-β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and protease. Exo-β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were produced and maximized in the early stages of growth, whereas protease reached a maximum level only after 6-8 days. Production of exo-β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and protease was stimulated by the presence of cell wall fragments of Penicillium digitatum in the growth medium, in addition to glucose. This study also provided evidence that C. oleophila is capable of secreting exo-β-1,3-glucanase into the wounded surface of grapefruit. The role of exo-β-1,3-glucanase (CoEXG1) in the biocontrol activity of C. oleophila was tested using CoEXG1-knockouts and double-CoEXG1 over-producing transformants. In vitro bioassays showed that wild-type C. oleophila and exo-β-1,3-glucanase overexpressing transformants had similar inhibitory effects on spore germination and germ-tube elongation; and both were more inhibitory to the fungus than the knockout transformant. In experiments conducted on fruit to test the biocontrol activity against infection by P. digitatum, no significant difference in inhibition was observed between transformants and untransformed C. oleophila cells at the high concentrations of cells used, whereas at a lower concentration of yeast cells the knockout transformants appeared to be less effective. © Springer-Verlag 2004.
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