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חיפוש מתקדם
Veterinary Parasitology
Azaizeh, H., Institute of Applied Research, Galilee Society (Affiliated with University of Haifa), P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12208, Israel
Halahleh, F., Institute of Applied Research, Galilee Society (Affiliated with University of Haifa), P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel
Abbas, N., Institute of Applied Research, Galilee Society (Affiliated with University of Haifa), P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel
Markovics, A., Department of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Muklada, H., Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Ungar, E.D., Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Landau, S.Y., Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
The infection of grazing ruminants with gastro-intestinal nematodes (GINs) is a severe problem in the Middle East. However, goats that graze the south-western slopes of the Carmel Heights in Israel have very low faecal egg counts, despite high grazing density. We hypothesized that polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus L. and/or Phillyrea latifolia L. - both prevalent woody species of the region that are consumed by goats - have anthelmintic bioactivity. We tested this hypothesis by using the larval exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA). Extracts were prepared from leaves of either plant species using 70% ethanol (E70), 100% ethanol (E100), or boiling water (W). Larvae were incubated in a phosphate-buffered saline solution with or without plant extract (1200 μg/ml) and then exposed to an exsheathment solution expected to elicit 100% exsheathment after one hour. All extraction methods of P. lentiscus were highly effective at inhibiting larval exsheathment, but higher potency was found for the E70 than for E100 extraction method, while W was intermediate. Only the E70 extract of P. latifolia was highly effective relative to the control. The E70 extract of P. lentiscus had more than 7 times the potency of the E70 extract of P. latifolia. Irrespective of solvent and tannin-equivalent used, P. lentiscus contained more than double the quantity of total polyphenols than P. latifolia. The polyphenols of P. lentiscus consisted mainly of galloyl derivatives (63.6%), flavonol glucosides (28.6%), and catechin (7.8%). In P. latifolia, oleuropein and its derivative tyrosol accounted for 49.3 and 23.1% of phenolics, respectively, the remainder being flavones (luteolin and quercetin) and their glucoside derivatives. Results of the LEIA test suggest that extracts of tannin-rich plants interfere with the very early stage of host invasion and that high concentration of galloylated derivatives may explain anthelmintic activity. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
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תנאי שימוש
Polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus and Phillyrea latifolia impair the exsheathment of gastro-intestinal nematode larvae
191
Azaizeh, H., Institute of Applied Research, Galilee Society (Affiliated with University of Haifa), P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12208, Israel
Halahleh, F., Institute of Applied Research, Galilee Society (Affiliated with University of Haifa), P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel
Abbas, N., Institute of Applied Research, Galilee Society (Affiliated with University of Haifa), P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 20200, Israel
Markovics, A., Department of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Muklada, H., Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Ungar, E.D., Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Landau, S.Y., Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus and Phillyrea latifolia impair the exsheathment of gastro-intestinal nematode larvae
The infection of grazing ruminants with gastro-intestinal nematodes (GINs) is a severe problem in the Middle East. However, goats that graze the south-western slopes of the Carmel Heights in Israel have very low faecal egg counts, despite high grazing density. We hypothesized that polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus L. and/or Phillyrea latifolia L. - both prevalent woody species of the region that are consumed by goats - have anthelmintic bioactivity. We tested this hypothesis by using the larval exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA). Extracts were prepared from leaves of either plant species using 70% ethanol (E70), 100% ethanol (E100), or boiling water (W). Larvae were incubated in a phosphate-buffered saline solution with or without plant extract (1200 μg/ml) and then exposed to an exsheathment solution expected to elicit 100% exsheathment after one hour. All extraction methods of P. lentiscus were highly effective at inhibiting larval exsheathment, but higher potency was found for the E70 than for E100 extraction method, while W was intermediate. Only the E70 extract of P. latifolia was highly effective relative to the control. The E70 extract of P. lentiscus had more than 7 times the potency of the E70 extract of P. latifolia. Irrespective of solvent and tannin-equivalent used, P. lentiscus contained more than double the quantity of total polyphenols than P. latifolia. The polyphenols of P. lentiscus consisted mainly of galloyl derivatives (63.6%), flavonol glucosides (28.6%), and catechin (7.8%). In P. latifolia, oleuropein and its derivative tyrosol accounted for 49.3 and 23.1% of phenolics, respectively, the remainder being flavones (luteolin and quercetin) and their glucoside derivatives. Results of the LEIA test suggest that extracts of tannin-rich plants interfere with the very early stage of host invasion and that high concentration of galloylated derivatives may explain anthelmintic activity. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
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