Co-Authors:
Mantel, A., Institute of Soils and Water, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50-250, Israel
Mead, R.M., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Water Management Research Laboratory, Fresno, 93727, CA, United States
Hoffman, G.J., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Water Management Research Laboratory, Fresno, 93727, CA, United States
Francois, L.E., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, 92501, CA, United States
Abstract:
Canopies of 22-year-old Santa Rosa plum trees irrigated with mini-sprinklers below the canopy with nonsaline (0.3 dS/m) water were sprayed weekly during one irrigation season with water having six levels of salinity (0.3, 1.1, 2.1, 3.3, 4.5, and 6.8 dS/m) to evaluate the extent of leaf injury, foliar absorption of Cl and Na, and yield response. Recognizable leaf injury was caused by spray water containing 29 mol/m3 of chloride and 15 mol/m3 of sodium. Severe leaf damage occurred when the leaf chloride and sodium concentrations exceeded 300 and 125 mmol/kg (dry weight), respectively. These concentrations were higher than those causing foliar damage on other trees in the same orchard which had been irrigated below the canopy with water having the same salinity as that sprayed on the canopy. No residual foliar injury was observed during the irrigation season following the year when the spray treatments were applied. Fruit yield measured six weeks after treatments were initiated was unaffected. In the following 2 years, yield was reduced by the highest salinity levels, even though the salt spray treatments were not continued and no foliar injury was visible. © 1989 Springer-Verlag.
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