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Encyclopedia of Insects (2009)
Vincent, C., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
Weintraub, P., Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Israel
Hallman, G., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX, United States
Physical control is one of the main approaches to crop protection against insects, the others being chemical, biological, and cultural. This chapter focuses on the physical control. Physical control methods in crop protection comprise techniques that limit pest access to the crop/commodity, induce behavioral changes, or cause direct pest damage/death. The primary action may have a direct impact, for example, when insects are killed immediately by mechanical shock. In other instances, the desired effect is attained through stress responses.The different methods of physical control used against crop pests have some common characteristics. Passive physical control measures have long-lasting effects, although they may require periodic renewal such as trap replacement or maintenance, i.e., physical barriers, mulching. Present methods of physical control are more labor-intensive and often time-consuming. This drawback is one of the main reasons physical control techniques have had little success in penetrating the field-crop market. Given these circumstances, crops with a high profit margin per hectare represent an obvious market for physical control methods. From the viewpoint of implementation, physical methods compare favorably with biological methods, which often entail labor-intensive field observations and may be difficult to apply in a field-crop setting. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Physical Control of Insect Pests
Vincent, C., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
Weintraub, P., Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Israel
Hallman, G., USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX, United States
Physical Control of Insect Pests
Physical control is one of the main approaches to crop protection against insects, the others being chemical, biological, and cultural. This chapter focuses on the physical control. Physical control methods in crop protection comprise techniques that limit pest access to the crop/commodity, induce behavioral changes, or cause direct pest damage/death. The primary action may have a direct impact, for example, when insects are killed immediately by mechanical shock. In other instances, the desired effect is attained through stress responses.The different methods of physical control used against crop pests have some common characteristics. Passive physical control measures have long-lasting effects, although they may require periodic renewal such as trap replacement or maintenance, i.e., physical barriers, mulching. Present methods of physical control are more labor-intensive and often time-consuming. This drawback is one of the main reasons physical control techniques have had little success in penetrating the field-crop market. Given these circumstances, crops with a high profit margin per hectare represent an obvious market for physical control methods. From the viewpoint of implementation, physical methods compare favorably with biological methods, which often entail labor-intensive field observations and may be difficult to apply in a field-crop setting. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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