Co-Authors:
Korol, L.
Shklar, G.
Schiller, G.
Seed material from 20 circum-Mediterranean Pinus halepensis Mill (Aleppo pine) populations and 32 Pinus brutia Ten. Subsp. brutia populations of range-wide distribution in Turkey was used to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the species, by applying the starch gel electrophoresis technique to isoenzymes extracted from the seed megagametophytes. The results show that not all the enzyme systems were resolved equally in the two species, therefore, data for several loci are not available for one or the other species. Significant differences between the two species in the overall average of allele frequencies in many loci can be observed. The largest differences occurred in the Aco, Acp, Adh2, Gdh, Got1, Mdh1, Pgm2, Pgi2, 6Pgd2 and 6Pgd3 enzyme systems and loci. In these enzyme systems allele frequencies alternated between the first and second locus in the two species. In Aleppo pine, statistical analysis of allele frequency data revealed that the mean number of alleles per locus ranged between 1.3 and 2.0
the percentages of polymorphic loci at the 0.95 criterion ranged between 16.0 and 44.0
the direct count mean heterozygosity ranged between 0.025 and 0.144
and Hardy-Weinberg expected heterozygosity ranged between 0.052 and 0.188. A UPGMA dendrogram based on the genetic distance-Wagner procedure aggregated the 20 Aleppo pine populations mainly into three geographically distinct groups
namely: a western Mediterranean group that includes populations from Morocco, Spain and France
an eastern European group comprising Greek and Italian populations
and an eastern Mediterranean group comprising populations from Turkey, Jordan and Israel. The four Tunisian Aleppo pine populations were divided, 'according to allele frequencies in several enzyme systems, between the eastern and the western Mediterranean groups, Significant differences among the groups were found also in several genotype frequencies but especially in those of the Aap 1-1, Lap 0-1 and 2-2 genotypes. In Pinus brutia Ten. The results revealed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.95 to 2.40 with an average of 2.16
the percentage of polymorphic loci, by the 95% criterion, ranged from 65% to 75% averaging 68%
the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.41 to 1.60, with an average of 1.49. Consequently, the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.191 (ranging from 0.144 to 0.267) and 0.271 (ranging from 0.233 to 0.312), respectively.
Abstract:
Seed material from 20 circum-Mediterranean Pinus halepensis Mill (Aleppo pine) populations and 32 Pinus brutia Ten. Subsp. brutia populations of range-wide distribution in Turkey was used to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the species, by applying the starch gel electrophoresis technique to isoenzymes extracted from the seed megagametophytes. The results show that not all the enzyme systems were resolved equally in the two species, therefore, data for several loci are not available for one or the other species. Significant differences between the two species in the overall average of allele frequencies in many loci can be observed. The largest differences occurred in the Aco, Acp, Adh2, Gdh, Got1, Mdh1, Pgm2, Pgi2, 6Pgd2 and 6Pgd3 enzyme systems and loci. In these enzyme systems allele frequencies alternated between the first and second locus in the two species. In Aleppo pine, statistical analysis of allele frequency data revealed that the mean number of alleles per locus ranged between 1.3 and 2.0; the percentages of polymorphic loci at the 0.95 criterion ranged between 16.0 and 44.0; the direct count mean heterozygosity ranged between 0.025 and 0.144; and Hardy-Weinberg expected heterozygosity ranged between 0.052 and 0.188. A UPGMA dendrogram based on the genetic distance-Wagner procedure aggregated the 20 Aleppo pine populations mainly into three geographically distinct groups; namely: a western Mediterranean group that includes populations from Morocco, Spain and France; an eastern European group comprising Greek and Italian populations; and an eastern Mediterranean group comprising populations from Turkey, Jordan and Israel. The four Tunisian Aleppo pine populations were divided, 'according to allele frequencies in several enzyme systems, between the eastern and the western Mediterranean groups, Significant differences among the groups were found also in several genotype frequencies but especially in those of the Aap 1-1, Lap 0-1 and 2-2 genotypes. In Pinus brutia Ten. The results revealed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.95 to 2.40 with an average of 2.16; the percentage of polymorphic loci, by the 95% criterion, ranged from 65% to 75% averaging 68%; the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.41 to 1.60, with an average of 1.49. Consequently, the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.191 (ranging from 0.144 to 0.267) and 0.271 (ranging from 0.233 to 0.312), respectively.
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