The following sections are included:

• Overview of Israeli Climate and Agriculture

  • National priorities, infrastructure and food security

   

• Perturbations and Resilience in Response to Change

  • Resilience and adaptation—the case of the transition to effluent irrigation

   

• Agriculture's Contribution to Climate Change: Evidence from Israel

  • Effects of land use changes

  • Effects of intensive production systems

   

• Observed Climate Change in Israel

  • Temperature

  • Humidity and wind speed

  • Solar radiation

  • Evaporation and evapo-transpiration

  • Rainfall

   

• Future Climate Projections

• Climate Risks to Semi-Arid Soil Conservation

  • Soil hydraulic properties, surface runoff and soil erosion

  • Short term effects of decreasing rainfall with increased rainfall intensity

  • Indirect and long term effects of irrigation with poor quality water

   

• Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Sequestration

  • Forests

   

• Expected Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Forestry

• Conclusions

• References