תפריט נגישות
ניגודיות עדינהניגודיות גבוהה
מונוכרום
הדגשת קישורים
חסימת אנימציה
פונט קריא
סגור
איפוס הגדרות נגישות
להורדת מודול נגישות חינם תפריט נגישותניגודיות עדינהניגודיות גבוההמונוכרוםהדגשת קישוריםחסימת אנימציהפונט קריאסגוראיפוס הגדרות נגישותלהורדת מודול נגישות חינםStern, R.A., MIGAL, Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona11016, Israel, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
Calyx-end cracking in ‘Pink Lady’ apple develops as concentric cracks located around the stylar-end. The factors that induce the cracking are unknown, however we previously demonstrated that the intensity, of the disorder can be controlled by application of a mixture of synthetic gibberellins (GA4 plus GA7) and, cytokinin (6-benzyladenine; BA) at different phenological stages of fruit development, and suggested, that the plant growth regulators (PGRs) affect the elasticity of the epidermal layer at the calyx-end by increasing cell density. The present study focused on histological analyses of the peel at the calyx-end following the application of BA + GA4+7. The experiments were conducted in Northern Israel during 2011 and 2012. In 2011 the PGRs were applied as 0.2% (v/v) SuperlonTM (i.e., 40 mg l−1 BA plus 40 mg l−1 GA4+7) once, twice or three times every 14 days since 60 days after full bloom (DAFB). In 2012, to test the efficacy of a lower concentration of the PGRs, 0.025% (v/v) SuperlonTM was used. Spraying was applied at 60 to 90 DAFB (cell expansion phase) as before, in addition to earlier spraying at 7 to 35 DAFB (cell division phase). In all treatments given at cell expansion phase the BA + GA4+7 mixture increased the epidermal cell density at the calyx-end, compared to control. Multiple spraying maintained the high cell density during fruit expansion compared to one-time application, and the higher concentration of the PGRs was more potent than the lower. Assessment of calyx-end cracking suggested that low concentration of the PGRs (i.e., 5 mg l−1 BA plus 5 mg l−1 GA4+7) is most efficient when applied three times at cell division phase. Interestingly, in 2011 the incidence of calyx-end cracking was significantly lower relative to 2012 and 2010 that were characterized by extended daily hours of high temperatures (>34 ◦C). This association can be used by growers as a criterion in applying the PGR treatment early in the season when temperatures are higher than the average and high incidence of calyx-end cracking might be expected.
Stern, R.A., MIGAL, Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona11016, Israel, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 12210, Israel
Calyx-end cracking in ‘Pink Lady’ apple develops as concentric cracks located around the stylar-end. The factors that induce the cracking are unknown, however we previously demonstrated that the intensity, of the disorder can be controlled by application of a mixture of synthetic gibberellins (GA4 plus GA7) and, cytokinin (6-benzyladenine; BA) at different phenological stages of fruit development, and suggested, that the plant growth regulators (PGRs) affect the elasticity of the epidermal layer at the calyx-end by increasing cell density. The present study focused on histological analyses of the peel at the calyx-end following the application of BA + GA4+7. The experiments were conducted in Northern Israel during 2011 and 2012. In 2011 the PGRs were applied as 0.2% (v/v) SuperlonTM (i.e., 40 mg l−1 BA plus 40 mg l−1 GA4+7) once, twice or three times every 14 days since 60 days after full bloom (DAFB). In 2012, to test the efficacy of a lower concentration of the PGRs, 0.025% (v/v) SuperlonTM was used. Spraying was applied at 60 to 90 DAFB (cell expansion phase) as before, in addition to earlier spraying at 7 to 35 DAFB (cell division phase). In all treatments given at cell expansion phase the BA + GA4+7 mixture increased the epidermal cell density at the calyx-end, compared to control. Multiple spraying maintained the high cell density during fruit expansion compared to one-time application, and the higher concentration of the PGRs was more potent than the lower. Assessment of calyx-end cracking suggested that low concentration of the PGRs (i.e., 5 mg l−1 BA plus 5 mg l−1 GA4+7) is most efficient when applied three times at cell division phase. Interestingly, in 2011 the incidence of calyx-end cracking was significantly lower relative to 2012 and 2010 that were characterized by extended daily hours of high temperatures (>34 ◦C). This association can be used by growers as a criterion in applying the PGR treatment early in the season when temperatures are higher than the average and high incidence of calyx-end cracking might be expected.
