Iftah Sinai - Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel. 
Talya Oron - Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
Gilad Weil - Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
Roni Sachal - Mammals Center, Society for Protection of Nature in Israel, Hanegev 2, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Avi Koplovich - Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Leon Blaustein - Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Alan R. Templeton - Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Lior Blank - Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel

A number of factors contribute to the process of amphibian decline, among them population fragmentation and road-kills. In this work we evaluated the effects of a road that separates the hibernation area of the Fire Salamander population from their breeding site on the demography and movement behavior. For that we monitored the population for four years using transects along the road and along a river that runs in parallel to the road and serve as the breeding site. We found that the estimated percent of the population killed on the road steadily increased minimally from 2.56 % to 10.78 % over a four year period of increasing vehicular activity. Interestingly, only a small number of individuals were documented on both sides of the road, suggesting there is a potential for population fragmentation due to the road. Additionally, we used geostatistics to reveal that the spatial distribution pattern of the population and road-kills along the road is not random. Thus, conservation efforts that focus on preventing salamanders from accessing the road surface should focus on the areas where the population and road-kills aggregate.