Vijay Kumar Sharma
Maulin P.Shah
Shobhika Parmar
Ajay Kumar
Fungi play an essential role in a variety of current and future applications in agriculture, the environment, and nanotechnology. They are involved in a range of processes that have significant impacts on the sustainable development of human welfare. While some fungi do produce toxins, others are the major producers of valuable compounds that can be used in the food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. Since fungi are relatively easy to grow, they are well-suited for large-scale production of desired compounds and biotechnological applications. Fungal metabolite profiling has an important role for fungal taxonomy and physiology. Fungus-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles is an excellent tool for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles with desired shapes and sizes. The approach is easy, does not involve harmful toxic compounds, and has the future potential for rapid large-scale production and applications. Due to their vast biotechnological potential, filamentous fungi have long been the subject of genome engineering. The advanced genomic tools like the CRISPR-Cas9 system are now available for gene manipulation in filamentous fungi. The uses include the regulation of secondary metabolite pathways, pathogenicity-related genes, and signaling pathways.
Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-technology is a three-volume series. The book is an attempt to explore the recent advances in fungi from various environments, their diversity, and their diverse applications for the sustainable development of human life. Volume III consists of 17 diverse chapters that provide in-depth accounts of fungal metabolites, including bioactive and host origin compounds, fungal biomolecules, and mycotoxins. The chapters provide information about the extensive applications of fungal secondary metabolites and associated limitations. The book explores role of fungi in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and their biotechnological, industrial, and agricultural uses. Advances in medical mycology for the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections were discussed. The book also provide an account of advanced CRISPR-Cas9 technology in fungi for gene editing, and applications in medical mycology, cell biology, multiple signaling cascades, secondary metabolite engineering, waste management, and industries. Chapter 1 discusses fungal metabolites as the source of bioactive natural products. Chapter 2 presents a detailed account of both endophytic and marine fungi as potential sources of antioxidant compounds. Chapter 3 describes the prospects and applications of the compounds isolated from marine-derived fungi and their bioactivity. Chapter 4 gives insights in to the marine endophytic fungi isolated from the Gulf of Mannar, and discusses their prospects for pharmaceutical use and silver nanoparticles biosynthesis. Chapter 5 presents a detailed account of pullulan—a bioactive fungal exopolysaccharide. The chapter further discusses microbial sources of pullulan, structure and properties of pullulan, pullulan biosynthesis, and its therapeutic applications. Chapter 6 describes the biodiversity of the fungal endophytes reported in the literature, their secondary metabolites and other biomolecules, along with their applications, associated limitations, and future prospects. Chapter 7 discusses the biopigments from microbes including those from fungi, their potential applications as chemical dye substitutes, and their advantages and drawbacks. Chapter 8 presents a comprehensive review of therapeutic metabolites produced by endophytic fungi. The chapter also discusses the possible strategies to enhance secondary metabolite production from endophytic fungi. Chapter 9 explains selected groups of mycotoxins, the metabolism of mycotoxins, and associated food safety issues. The chapter also gives a brief account of the factors affecting the mycotoxins in food and agriculture products, along with detection and control measures. Chapter 10 presents the food safety concerns related to aflatoxins; emerging technologies for detection, management, control strategies and global regulatory standards are mentioned. Chapter 11 describes the role of endogenous fungal metabolites in plant growth improvement and stress tolerance. Chapter 12 discusses the recent advances of nanobiotechnological applications of fungi, which include their synthesis, possible mechanisms, and their potential applications. Chapter 13 describes recent progressions regarding the suitability of fungi for large-scale bioproduction of nanoparticles. Chapter 14 describes the bioprospects of fungi in the biofabrication of nanoparticles, their mechanisms, and their potential applications in the agricultural sector and food industries. Chapter 15 discusses fungal endophytes as an alternative tool for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles with a special focus on noble metal nanoparticles. Chapter 16 presents an account of human fungal infections, including advances in diagnosis and treatment. Chapter 17 discusses the CRISPR-Cas9 system for functional genomics of filamentous fungi with applications and challenges.
This volume is the collaborative work of many people. We appreciate and thank all the eminent experts who contributed to various aspects of fungi presented in this book. The views expressed by the authors are their own. We are hopeful that this book will be useful to academics, researchers, postgraduate students, and practitioners in the area of mycology. We express gratitude to Prof. R.N. Kharwar (BHU, India) and Prof. Haiyan Li (KUST, China) for their constant support and encouragement in bringing out this book.
Vijay Kumar Sharma
Maulin P.Shah
Shobhika Parmar
Ajay Kumar
Fungi play an essential role in a variety of current and future applications in agriculture, the environment, and nanotechnology. They are involved in a range of processes that have significant impacts on the sustainable development of human welfare. While some fungi do produce toxins, others are the major producers of valuable compounds that can be used in the food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. Since fungi are relatively easy to grow, they are well-suited for large-scale production of desired compounds and biotechnological applications. Fungal metabolite profiling has an important role for fungal taxonomy and physiology. Fungus-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles is an excellent tool for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles with desired shapes and sizes. The approach is easy, does not involve harmful toxic compounds, and has the future potential for rapid large-scale production and applications. Due to their vast biotechnological potential, filamentous fungi have long been the subject of genome engineering. The advanced genomic tools like the CRISPR-Cas9 system are now available for gene manipulation in filamentous fungi. The uses include the regulation of secondary metabolite pathways, pathogenicity-related genes, and signaling pathways.
Fungi Bio-prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-technology is a three-volume series. The book is an attempt to explore the recent advances in fungi from various environments, their diversity, and their diverse applications for the sustainable development of human life. Volume III consists of 17 diverse chapters that provide in-depth accounts of fungal metabolites, including bioactive and host origin compounds, fungal biomolecules, and mycotoxins. The chapters provide information about the extensive applications of fungal secondary metabolites and associated limitations. The book explores role of fungi in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and their biotechnological, industrial, and agricultural uses. Advances in medical mycology for the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections were discussed. The book also provide an account of advanced CRISPR-Cas9 technology in fungi for gene editing, and applications in medical mycology, cell biology, multiple signaling cascades, secondary metabolite engineering, waste management, and industries. Chapter 1 discusses fungal metabolites as the source of bioactive natural products. Chapter 2 presents a detailed account of both endophytic and marine fungi as potential sources of antioxidant compounds. Chapter 3 describes the prospects and applications of the compounds isolated from marine-derived fungi and their bioactivity. Chapter 4 gives insights in to the marine endophytic fungi isolated from the Gulf of Mannar, and discusses their prospects for pharmaceutical use and silver nanoparticles biosynthesis. Chapter 5 presents a detailed account of pullulan—a bioactive fungal exopolysaccharide. The chapter further discusses microbial sources of pullulan, structure and properties of pullulan, pullulan biosynthesis, and its therapeutic applications. Chapter 6 describes the biodiversity of the fungal endophytes reported in the literature, their secondary metabolites and other biomolecules, along with their applications, associated limitations, and future prospects. Chapter 7 discusses the biopigments from microbes including those from fungi, their potential applications as chemical dye substitutes, and their advantages and drawbacks. Chapter 8 presents a comprehensive review of therapeutic metabolites produced by endophytic fungi. The chapter also discusses the possible strategies to enhance secondary metabolite production from endophytic fungi. Chapter 9 explains selected groups of mycotoxins, the metabolism of mycotoxins, and associated food safety issues. The chapter also gives a brief account of the factors affecting the mycotoxins in food and agriculture products, along with detection and control measures. Chapter 10 presents the food safety concerns related to aflatoxins; emerging technologies for detection, management, control strategies and global regulatory standards are mentioned. Chapter 11 describes the role of endogenous fungal metabolites in plant growth improvement and stress tolerance. Chapter 12 discusses the recent advances of nanobiotechnological applications of fungi, which include their synthesis, possible mechanisms, and their potential applications. Chapter 13 describes recent progressions regarding the suitability of fungi for large-scale bioproduction of nanoparticles. Chapter 14 describes the bioprospects of fungi in the biofabrication of nanoparticles, their mechanisms, and their potential applications in the agricultural sector and food industries. Chapter 15 discusses fungal endophytes as an alternative tool for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles with a special focus on noble metal nanoparticles. Chapter 16 presents an account of human fungal infections, including advances in diagnosis and treatment. Chapter 17 discusses the CRISPR-Cas9 system for functional genomics of filamentous fungi with applications and challenges.
This volume is the collaborative work of many people. We appreciate and thank all the eminent experts who contributed to various aspects of fungi presented in this book. The views expressed by the authors are their own. We are hopeful that this book will be useful to academics, researchers, postgraduate students, and practitioners in the area of mycology. We express gratitude to Prof. R.N. Kharwar (BHU, India) and Prof. Haiyan Li (KUST, China) for their constant support and encouragement in bringing out this book.