Hammerschlag, F., Fruit Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
Garcés, S., Fruit Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
Koch-Dean, M., Fruit Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
Ray, S., Fruit Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
Lewers, K., Fruit Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
Maas, J., Fruit Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
Smith, B.J., Small Fruit Research Station, USDA/ARS, Poplarville, MS 39470, United States

Diseases affecting strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) have been of major concern in recent years because of their widespread occurrence and potential for yield loss. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum, is one of the most serious diseases of strawberry worldwide. Tissue-culture induced (somaclonal) variation provides one strategy for generating disease-resistant genotypes. As part of a program to generate strawberry germplasm resistant to anthracnose, an in vitro screening system was used to evaluate several commercial cultivars, Chandler, Delmarvel, Honeoye, Latestar, Pelican and Sweet Charlie propagated in vitro, and shoots regenerated from leaf explants of these cultivars for resistance to C. acutatum isolate Goff (highly virulent). Regenerants with increased levels of resistance were identified from all of the cultivars. The greatest increases in disease resistance were observed for regenerants from leaf explants of cultivars Pelican and Chandler that exhibited 17.5- and 6.2-fold increases in resistance, respectively. The highest levels of anthracnose resistance (2 to 6% leaf necrosis) were exhibited by regenerants from explants of cultivars Pelican and Sweet Charlie. These studies suggest that generating somaclonal variation may be a viable approach to obtaining strawberry plants with increased levels of anthracnose resistance. © Springer 2006.