Itkin, M., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel Heinig, U., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Tzfadia, O., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Bhide, A.J., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India Shinde, B., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India Cardenas, P.D., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Bocobza, S.E., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Unger, T., Israel Structural Proteomics Center, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Malitsky, S., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Finkers, R., Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, POB 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands Tikunov, Y., Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, POB 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands Bovy, A., Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, POB 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands Chikate, Y., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India Singh, P., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India Rogachev, I., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Beekwilder, J., Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, POB 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands Giri, A.P., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India Aharoni, A., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) such as a-solanine found in solanaceous food plants - as, for example, potato - are antinutritional factors for humans. Comparative coexpression analysis between tomato and potato coupled with chemical profiling revealed an array of 10 genes that partake in SGA biosynthesis. We discovered that six of them exist as a cluster on chromosome 7, whereas an additional two are adjacent in a duplicated genomic region on chromosome 12. Following systematic functional analysis, we suggest a revised SGA biosynthetic pathway starting from cholesterol up to the tetrasaccharide moiety linked to the tomato SGA aglycone. Silencing GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 4 prevented accumulation of SGAs in potato tubers and tomato fruit. This may provide a means for removal of unsafe, antinutritional substances present in these widely used food crops.
Biosynthesis of antinutritional alkaloids in solanaceous crops is mediated by clustered genes
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Itkin, M., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel Heinig, U., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Tzfadia, O., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Bhide, A.J., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India Shinde, B., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India Cardenas, P.D., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Bocobza, S.E., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Unger, T., Israel Structural Proteomics Center, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Malitsky, S., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Finkers, R., Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, POB 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands Tikunov, Y., Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, POB 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands Bovy, A., Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, POB 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands Chikate, Y., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India Singh, P., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India Rogachev, I., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel Beekwilder, J., Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, POB 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands Giri, A.P., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, MS, India Aharoni, A., Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Biosynthesis of antinutritional alkaloids in solanaceous crops is mediated by clustered genes
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) such as a-solanine found in solanaceous food plants - as, for example, potato - are antinutritional factors for humans. Comparative coexpression analysis between tomato and potato coupled with chemical profiling revealed an array of 10 genes that partake in SGA biosynthesis. We discovered that six of them exist as a cluster on chromosome 7, whereas an additional two are adjacent in a duplicated genomic region on chromosome 12. Following systematic functional analysis, we suggest a revised SGA biosynthetic pathway starting from cholesterol up to the tetrasaccharide moiety linked to the tomato SGA aglycone. Silencing GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 4 prevented accumulation of SGAs in potato tubers and tomato fruit. This may provide a means for removal of unsafe, antinutritional substances present in these widely used food crops.