Overwintering, oversummering, and the effect of extreme temperature and humidity levels on the parasitic wasp Hungariella peregrina compere (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae)
Co-Authors:
Wysoki, M., Div. of Entomology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
Abstract:
Hungariella (Tetracnemus) peregrina Compere 1939 is an internal parasite of the long-tailed mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus (Targ. Tozz.) (=P. adonidum L.), which attacks the mealybug chiefly in instars I and II. Development through the egg, larval and pupal stages lasts an average of 29.75 days at 30°C and 79.54 days at 17°C. The sex ratio is 1.3 females to 1 male. The wasp persists in avocado orchards throughout the year and overwinters inside the mealybugs or as an adult. The survival depends on the level and duration of low temperatures, since the wasp's tolerance of high temperatures increases as humidity rises, and high humidity greatly increases the life span. In none of the above respects were females found to differ significantly from males. © 1977 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
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02/03/2022 17:27
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17/04/2018 00:23
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