Co-Authors:
Zhang, N., Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
Gur, A., Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, De Ruiter Seeds, Teradion Industrial Park, Misgav, Israel
Gibon, Y., Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany, UMR 619 Fruit Biology, INRA Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
Sulpice, R., Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
Flint-Garcia, S., United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
McMullen, M.D., United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
Stitt, M., Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
Buckler, E.S., Institute for Genomic Diversity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
Abstract:
Background: Central carbon metabolism (CCM) is a fundamental component of life. The participating genes and enzymes are thought to be structurally and functionally conserved across and within species. Association mapping utilizes a rich history of mutation and recombination to achieve high resolution mapping. Therefore, applying association mapping in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays), the most diverse model crop species, to study the genetics of CCM is a particularly attractive system. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used a maize diversity panel to test the CCM functional conservation. We found heritable variation in enzyme activity for every enzyme tested. One of these enzymes was the NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH, E.C. 1.1.1.41), in which we identified a novel amino-acid substitution in a phylogenetically conserved site. Using candidate gene association mapping, we identified that this non-synonymous polymorphism was associated with IDH activity variation. The proposed mechanism for the IDH activity variation includes additional components regulating protein level. With the comparison of sequences from maize and teosinte (Zea mays ssp. Parviglumis), the maize wild ancestor, we found that some CCM genes had also been targeted for selection during maize domestication. Conclusions/Significance: Our results demonstrate the efficacy of association mapping for dissecting natural variation in primary metabolic pathways. The considerable genetic diversity observed in maize CCM genes underlies heritable phenotypic variation in enzyme activities and can be useful to identify putative functional sites.
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