אסיף מאגר המחקר החקלאי

Microbial aspects of accelerated degradation of metam sodium in soil

Year:

2010

Source of publication :

Authors :

Volume :

100

Co-Authors:

Triky-Dotan, S., Laboratory for Pest Management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Ofek, M., Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Austerweil, M., Laboratory for Pest Management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Steiner, B., Laboratory for Pest Management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Minz, D., Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
Katan, J., Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Gamliel, A., Laboratory for Pest Management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel

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Abstract:

Preplant soil fumigation with metam sodium is used worldwide to control soilborne diseases. The development of accelerated degradation of pesticides in soil, including metam sodium, results in reduced pesticide efficacy. Therefore, we studied microbial involvement in accelerated degradation of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) following repeated soil applications of the parent compound, metam sodium. MITC degradation was reduced in soil with a history of metam sodium applications following sterilization, indicating the key role of microorganisms in accelerated degradation. Accelerated degradation of MITC was induced by inoculation of soil with no previous application of metam sodium with soil with a history of metam sodium applications. We developed a method to extract the active microbial fraction responsible for MITC degradation from soil with a history of metam sodium applications. This concentrated soil extract induced accelerated degradation of MITC when added to two different soils with no previous application of metam sodium. An extensive shift in total bacterial community composition in concentrated soil extracts occurred after a single metam sodium application. Two Oxalobacteraceae strains, MDB3 and MDB10, isolated from Rehovot soil following triple application of metam sodium rapidly degraded MITC in soil with no previous application of metam sodium. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of bacterial community composition showed relative enrichment of MDB3 following metam sodium application, suggesting its potential in situ involvement in accelerated degradation development in Rehovot soil. Responses of resident Oxalobacteraceae community members to metam sodium applications differed between Rehovot and En Tamar soils. Isolate MDB10 did not induce accelerated degradation of MITC in En Tamar soil and, with the slow dissipation of MITC, soil suppressiveness of accelerated degradation is suggested. The isolation and identification of MITC-degrading bacteria might be helpful in developing tools for managing accelerated degradation. © 2010 The American Phytopathological Society.

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