Marcela Šperanda - J.J.Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1 P.P. 117, 31000Osijek, Croatia.
André M. de Almeida – LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture And Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017Lisboa, Portugal.
Gianfranco Gabai - Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, via dell'Università, 16 – Agripolis 35020Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Ali Mobasheri - Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08661Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, FIN-90230Oulu, Finland; Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
Lorenzo E. Hernandez-Castellano - Department of Animal Science, AU-Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830Tjele, Denmark.
Milk production intensification has led to several unwanted aspects, such as sustainability issues and environmental pollution. Among these, increased milk outputs that have been achieved over the last 70 years have led to several health and pathophysiological conditions in high yielding dairy animals, including metabolic diseases that were uncommon in the past. Increased occurrence of diverse metabolic diseases in cattle and other domestic animals is a key feature of domestication that not only affects the animals' health and productivity, but also may have important and adverse health impacts on human consumers through the elevated use of drugs and antibiotics. These aspects will influence economical and ethical aspects in the near future. Therefore, finding and establishing proper biomarkers for early detection of metabolic diseases is of great interest. In the present review, recent work on the discovery of fitness, stress and welfare biomarkers in dairy cows is presented, focusing in particular on possible biomarkers of energy balance and oxidative stress in plasma and milk, and biomarkers of production-related diseases and decreased fertility.
Marcela Šperanda - J.J.Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1 P.P. 117, 31000Osijek, Croatia.
André M. de Almeida – LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture And Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017Lisboa, Portugal.
Gianfranco Gabai - Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, via dell'Università, 16 – Agripolis 35020Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Ali Mobasheri - Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08661Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, FIN-90230Oulu, Finland; Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
Lorenzo E. Hernandez-Castellano - Department of Animal Science, AU-Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830Tjele, Denmark.
Milk production intensification has led to several unwanted aspects, such as sustainability issues and environmental pollution. Among these, increased milk outputs that have been achieved over the last 70 years have led to several health and pathophysiological conditions in high yielding dairy animals, including metabolic diseases that were uncommon in the past. Increased occurrence of diverse metabolic diseases in cattle and other domestic animals is a key feature of domestication that not only affects the animals' health and productivity, but also may have important and adverse health impacts on human consumers through the elevated use of drugs and antibiotics. These aspects will influence economical and ethical aspects in the near future. Therefore, finding and establishing proper biomarkers for early detection of metabolic diseases is of great interest. In the present review, recent work on the discovery of fitness, stress and welfare biomarkers in dairy cows is presented, focusing in particular on possible biomarkers of energy balance and oxidative stress in plasma and milk, and biomarkers of production-related diseases and decreased fertility.