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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and translational quality control in plant mitochondria
Year:
2020
Source of publication :
Mitochondrion (journal)
Authors :
Klipcan, Liron
;
.
Volume :
54
Co-Authors:

Oren Ostersetzer-Biran - Dept of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

Facilitators :
From page:
0
To page:
0
(
Total pages:
1
)
Abstract:

Gene expression involves the transfer of information stored in the DNA to proteins by two sequential key steps: transcription and translation. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), an ancient group of enzymes, are key to these processes as they catalyze the attachment of each of the 20 amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules. Yet, in addition to the 20 canonical amino acids, plants also produce numerous non-proteogenic amino acids (NPAAs), some of which are erroneously loaded into tRNAs, translated into non-functional or toxic proteins and may thereby disrupt essential cellular processes. While many studies have been focusing on plant organelle RNA metabolism, mitochondrial translation still lags behind its characterization in bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Notably, plant mitochondrial aaRSs generally have a dual location, residing also within the chloroplasts or cytosol. Currently, little is known about how mitochondrial aaRSs distinguish between amino acids and their closely related NPAAs. The organelle translation machineries in plants seem more susceptible to NPAAs due to protein oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high rates of protein turnover. We speculate that plant organellar aaRSs have acquired high-affinities to their cognate amino acid substrates to reduce cytotoxic effects by NPAAs.

Note:
Related Files :
amino acid
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
mitochondria
non-protein amino acids
tRNA
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Related Content
More details
DOI :
10.1016/j.mito.2020.06.010
Article number:
0
Affiliations:
Database:
Scopus
Publication Type:
article
;
.
Language:
English
Editors' remarks:
ID:
48712
Last updated date:
02/03/2022 17:27
Creation date:
29/07/2020 18:19
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Scientific Publication
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and translational quality control in plant mitochondria
54

Oren Ostersetzer-Biran - Dept of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and translational quality control in plant mitochondria

Gene expression involves the transfer of information stored in the DNA to proteins by two sequential key steps: transcription and translation. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), an ancient group of enzymes, are key to these processes as they catalyze the attachment of each of the 20 amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules. Yet, in addition to the 20 canonical amino acids, plants also produce numerous non-proteogenic amino acids (NPAAs), some of which are erroneously loaded into tRNAs, translated into non-functional or toxic proteins and may thereby disrupt essential cellular processes. While many studies have been focusing on plant organelle RNA metabolism, mitochondrial translation still lags behind its characterization in bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Notably, plant mitochondrial aaRSs generally have a dual location, residing also within the chloroplasts or cytosol. Currently, little is known about how mitochondrial aaRSs distinguish between amino acids and their closely related NPAAs. The organelle translation machineries in plants seem more susceptible to NPAAs due to protein oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high rates of protein turnover. We speculate that plant organellar aaRSs have acquired high-affinities to their cognate amino acid substrates to reduce cytotoxic effects by NPAAs.

Scientific Publication
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