תפריט נגישות
ניגודיות עדינהניגודיות גבוהה
מונוכרום
הדגשת קישורים
חסימת אנימציה
פונט קריא
סגור
איפוס הגדרות נגישות
להורדת מודול נגישות חינם תפריט נגישותניגודיות עדינהניגודיות גבוההמונוכרוםהדגשת קישוריםחסימת אנימציהפונט קריאסגוראיפוס הגדרות נגישותלהורדת מודול נגישות חינםMost of the metabolizable energy (MEI) consumed by cattle is lost as energy expended (EE) as heat. The energy balance of animals is presented by the following equation: MEI=EE+Retained Energy (RE). Knowledge of any two of the above variables allows the solution of the equation and calculation of energy efficiency. The objective of this presentation is to characterize the repeatability of differences in energy efficiency among cows, measured repeatedly in four experiments (Exp). The EE (kJ/(kgBW0.75*day)) in all experiments was measured by means of the heart rate (HR) method, i.e. HR that was measured throughout 3-4 days was multiplied by the oxygen consumption (VO2) per heartbeat, measured throughout 10-15 min, and by 20.47 kJ per liter VO2. In Exp 1, EE and MEI were measured nine times in six beef cows in confinement during one year of their reproductive cycle. In Exp 2, EE and MEI were measured in six non-lactating, non-pregnant beef cows on six diets varying in ME content. In Exp 3, EE and MEI were measured in five grazing seasons on differing herbage quality in16 cows. The data were analyzed by the ANOVA procedure with correction by covariance to MEI, to analyze differences among cows on an equal MEI basis. The differences in EE among cows in all experiments were significant (P range from 0.006 to 0.037), with range of individual variation of 20% to 28% of the average EE. In Exp 4 we used 19 Holstein dairy cows. Their EE and the energy in their secreted milk were measured four times during four months. The predicted EE of these cows was calculated from their energy in milk and their BW, assuming 0.57 MJ/kgBW0.75 for maintenance and efficiency of 64% of ME for milk production, and was subtracted from their measured EE to calculate their residual EE (REE). Thus, an efficient cow has a negative REE (predicted EE higher than measured EE). The repeatability of the REE among cows was significant (P<0.001). The REE ranged from -17% to +13% of the measured EE, i.e., a range of 30%. We conclude that lower EE in relation to MEI or predicted EE is a repeatable trait that should be considered as a tool to select cows of higher energy efficiency.
Most of the metabolizable energy (MEI) consumed by cattle is lost as energy expended (EE) as heat. The energy balance of animals is presented by the following equation: MEI=EE+Retained Energy (RE). Knowledge of any two of the above variables allows the solution of the equation and calculation of energy efficiency. The objective of this presentation is to characterize the repeatability of differences in energy efficiency among cows, measured repeatedly in four experiments (Exp). The EE (kJ/(kgBW0.75*day)) in all experiments was measured by means of the heart rate (HR) method, i.e. HR that was measured throughout 3-4 days was multiplied by the oxygen consumption (VO2) per heartbeat, measured throughout 10-15 min, and by 20.47 kJ per liter VO2. In Exp 1, EE and MEI were measured nine times in six beef cows in confinement during one year of their reproductive cycle. In Exp 2, EE and MEI were measured in six non-lactating, non-pregnant beef cows on six diets varying in ME content. In Exp 3, EE and MEI were measured in five grazing seasons on differing herbage quality in16 cows. The data were analyzed by the ANOVA procedure with correction by covariance to MEI, to analyze differences among cows on an equal MEI basis. The differences in EE among cows in all experiments were significant (P range from 0.006 to 0.037), with range of individual variation of 20% to 28% of the average EE. In Exp 4 we used 19 Holstein dairy cows. Their EE and the energy in their secreted milk were measured four times during four months. The predicted EE of these cows was calculated from their energy in milk and their BW, assuming 0.57 MJ/kgBW0.75 for maintenance and efficiency of 64% of ME for milk production, and was subtracted from their measured EE to calculate their residual EE (REE). Thus, an efficient cow has a negative REE (predicted EE higher than measured EE). The repeatability of the REE among cows was significant (P<0.001). The REE ranged from -17% to +13% of the measured EE, i.e., a range of 30%. We conclude that lower EE in relation to MEI or predicted EE is a repeatable trait that should be considered as a tool to select cows of higher energy efficiency.
