Ana Rotter
Michéle Barbier
Francesco Bertoni
Atle M. Bones
M. Leonor Cancela
Jens Carlsson
Maria F. Carvalho
Marta Cegłowska
Jerónimo Chirivella-Martorell
Meltem Conk Dalay
Mercedes Cueto
Thanos Dailianis
Irem Deniz
Ana R. Díaz-Marrero
Dragana Drakulovic
Arita Dubnika
Christine Edwards
Hjörleifur Einarsson
Ayşegül Erdoǧan
Orhan Tufan Eroldoǧan
David Ezra
Stefano Fazi
Richard J. FitzGerald
Laura M. Gargan
Susana P. Gaudêncio
Marija Gligora Udovič
Nadica Ivošević DeNardis
Rósa Jónsdóttir
Marija Kataržytė
Katja Klun
Jonne Kotta
Leila Ktari
Zrinka Ljubešić
Lada Lukić Bilela
Manolis Mandalakis
Alexia Massa-Gallucci
Inga Matijošytė
Hanna Mazur-Marzec
Mohamed Mehiri
Søren Laurentius Nielsen
Lucie Novoveská
Donata Overlingė
Giuseppe Perale
Praveen Ramasamy
Céline Rebours
Thorsten Reinsch
Fernando Reyes
Baruch Rinkevich
Johan Robbens
Eric Röttinger
Vita Rudovica
Jerica Sabotič
Ivo Safarik
Siret Talve
Deniz Tasdemir
Xenia Theodotou Schneider
Olivier P. Thomas
Anna Toruńska-Sitarz
Giovanna Cristina Varese
Marlen I. Vasquez
Coastal countries have traditionally relied on the existing marine resources (e.g., fishing, food, transport, recreation, and tourism) as well as tried to support new economic endeavors (ocean energy, desalination for water supply, and seabed mining). Modern societies and lifestyle resulted in an increased demand for dietary diversity, better health and well-being, new biomedicines, natural cosmeceuticals, environmental conservation, and sustainable energy sources. These societal needs stimulated the interest of researchers on the diverse and underexplored marine environments as promising and sustainable sources of biomolecules and biomass, and they are addressed by the emerging field of marine (blue) biotechnology. Blue biotechnology provides opportunities for a wide range of initiatives of commercial interest for the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, food, feed, agricultural, and related industries. This article synthesizes the essence, opportunities, responsibilities, and challenges encountered in marine biotechnology and outlines the attainment and valorization of directly derived or bio-inspired products from marine organisms. First, the concept of bioeconomy is introduced. Then, the diversity of marine bioresources including an overview of the most prominent marine organisms and their potential for biotechnological uses are described. This is followed by introducing methodologies for exploration of these resources and the main use case scenarios in energy, food and feed, agronomy, bioremediation and climate change, cosmeceuticals, bio-inspired materials, healthcare, and well-being sectors. The key aspects in the fields of legislation and funding are provided, with the emphasis on the importance of communication and stakeholder engagement at all levels of biotechnology development. Finally, vital overarching concepts, such as the quadruple helix and Responsible Research and Innovation principle are highlighted as important to follow within the marine biotechnology field. The authors of this review are collaborating under the European Commission-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action Ocean4Biotech – European transdisciplinary networking platform for marine biotechnology and focus the study on the European state of affairs.
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