Tarangini Korumilli
K. Jagajjanani Rao
Sai Sateesh Sagiri
Design of safe and economical production of nanomaterials requires knowledge over green route syntheses, especially bio-based methodologies. Owing to this reason, systematic efforts have been made in exploring diverse biological routes and their capabilities directly and/or indirectly for generating nanomaterials. Unlike conventional physical and chemical methods, bioresource-based nanomaterial synthesis is eco-friendly, economical, and suitable for large-scale production. Till now, a broad range of biological systems (live and dead) and biomolecules have been used for the direct synthesis of diverse mono- and multimetallic nanomaterials. Despite benefits, microbial route synthesis of nanomaterials was hampered by limitations such as broad size distributions, hard purification steps, and requirement of proficient personnel. Among bio-based methodologies, plant resource-based methods have some underpinning advantages, like user friendliness, cost-effectiveness, facile separation, and purification processes. Furthermore, the phytochemicals alone or in combination with other bioresources can bring new technologies to attain isotropic and/or anisotropic nanomaterials, which would be advantageous in devising novel benign route procedures. This chapter presents an overview of biological syntheses of nanoparticles emphasizing plant resources, in particular phytochemical-based approaches. We begin with an introduction to the advancements in this area followed by different biological sources, their types, and routes of synthesis in producing different size/shape nanostructures. Then, we discuss some useful applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles along with their scope towards scientific benefits.
Tarangini Korumilli
K. Jagajjanani Rao
Sai Sateesh Sagiri
Design of safe and economical production of nanomaterials requires knowledge over green route syntheses, especially bio-based methodologies. Owing to this reason, systematic efforts have been made in exploring diverse biological routes and their capabilities directly and/or indirectly for generating nanomaterials. Unlike conventional physical and chemical methods, bioresource-based nanomaterial synthesis is eco-friendly, economical, and suitable for large-scale production. Till now, a broad range of biological systems (live and dead) and biomolecules have been used for the direct synthesis of diverse mono- and multimetallic nanomaterials. Despite benefits, microbial route synthesis of nanomaterials was hampered by limitations such as broad size distributions, hard purification steps, and requirement of proficient personnel. Among bio-based methodologies, plant resource-based methods have some underpinning advantages, like user friendliness, cost-effectiveness, facile separation, and purification processes. Furthermore, the phytochemicals alone or in combination with other bioresources can bring new technologies to attain isotropic and/or anisotropic nanomaterials, which would be advantageous in devising novel benign route procedures. This chapter presents an overview of biological syntheses of nanoparticles emphasizing plant resources, in particular phytochemical-based approaches. We begin with an introduction to the advancements in this area followed by different biological sources, their types, and routes of synthesis in producing different size/shape nanostructures. Then, we discuss some useful applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles along with their scope towards scientific benefits.