• Joshua D. Klein, 
• Yonit Raz-Shalev, 
• Shlomo Cohen  
• Elazar Fallik 

Citron (Citrus medica L.) fruits (“etrog” in Hebrew; plural “etrogim”) are used ritually in the Jewish holiday of Sukkot (Tabernacles) and can command as much as US$100 per fruit, depending on quality. The etrog is unique among citrus fruits in that only the external attributes are of commercial importance. Maintaining physical fruit quality mandates the use of protective cushioning on the tree, at harvest, and in packaging to avoid scratches, puncture marks or damage to the stem or pedicel (pitam). Growers use a wide range of chemical treatments post-harvest to reduce to a minimum the possibility of disfiguring insect or disease infestations. Most etrog varieties are highly susceptible to chilling injury if stored at less than 12 °C. Etrogim lose water readily during storage, so fruit are stored and almost always marketed in plastic bags that limit water loss. Peel color is regulated with applications of ethylene or gibberellin, depending on whether specific markets prefer fruit that are green or yellow.