Fallik, E., Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
Alkalai-Tuvia, S., Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
Chalupowicz, D., Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
Zutahy, Y., Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
Zaaroor, M., Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
Beniches, M., Department of Growing, Production and Environmental Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
Gamliel, A., Department of Growing, Production and Environmental Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel

Grafting is a rapid, effective alternative to the relatively slow methodology of breeding, to provide crop plants with increased tolerance to environmental stress and better yield and quality of fruit vegetables. We evaluated the effect of grafting and soil disinfestation on pre- and postharvest parameters in two consecutive years. In both 2013 and 2014, soil disinfection significantly improved the viability of nongrafted plants compared to the same plants grown in nontreated soil. In both years, plants which were grafted on “Nurit” or “TZ” rootstocks showed significantly better vine vigor, with no evidence of disease in either disinfested or nontreated soil. The yield of marketable watermelon fruit was significantly higher in grafted versus nongrafted plants. Grafting significantly influenced watermelon rind color and flesh color, and strongly influenced taste and texture. Watermelon fruit harvested from plants grafted on “Nurit” were tastier and had better flesh texture than fruit harvested from “TZ”-grafted plants. Disinfection during those two years affected only seed formation. The year factor highly influenced rind color, total soluble solids (TSS) near the rind, TSS at the fruit's heart, taste, and texture. An interaction between grafting and year was found on flesh and TSS near the rind. No grafting × disinfection × year interaction was found. © 2016 Taylor & Francis.