Traditional strategies for erosion control are based mainly on measures that protect the soil from raindrop impact to decrease detachment, increase surface depression storage and soil roughness to reduce runoff volume and velocity, and alter slope-length gradient and direction of runoff flow. This chapter discusses the potential of two types of soil amendments, namely gypsum and synthetic organic polymers, in controlling seal formation, runoff, and water erosion. A great many studies have followed and established the role of gypsum in controlling soil sealing, infiltration rate, and soil erosion not only in sodic soils from semiarid regions but also in dispersive low-Na soils from humid and temperate regions. Polymer adsorption onto the clay holds the key to the formation and properties of clay-polymer complexes, which in turn enhance understanding of polymer behavior in soil. The beneficial effect of PAM on decreasing soil loss was also highly significant at steep slopes.