Shamay, A., Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Ctr. Inst. of Animal Science, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
Shapiro, F., Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Ctr. Inst. of Animal Science, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
Leitner, G., Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
Silanikove, N., Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Ctr. Inst. of Animal Science, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel

Milk stasis triggers local stimuli, which make the tight junctions leak and trigger involution. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that casein hydrolyzates compromise tight junction integrity and dry-off milk secretion in dairy cows. Six repeated doses of casein hydrolyzates after each milking during 3 d caused drastic changes in mammary secretion and composition, which were associated with irreversible cessation of milk secretion. No such changes were recorded in the control glands that had been treated with nonhydrolyzed casein. Treatment with casein hydrolyzates disturbed tight junction integrity within 8 h (as indicated by changes in Na+ and K+ concentrations), reduced the concentrations of lactose precipitously, activated the plasmin activator-plasminogen-plasmin system, and induced the secretion of immunoglobulin type G and lactoferrin. At the end of the 3-d treatments, we stopped milking the experimental and control glands. Milk composition 19 d later was similar in the experimental and control glands and was consistent with the composition expected in fully involuted glands. We conclude that casein hydrolyzates are among the milk-borne factors that cause the disruption of tight junction integrity and induce involution in cows. The process induced by casein hydrolyzate was more rapid and synchronized than the involution induced at drying-off.